酸枣仁汤治疗原发性肝癌患者肝血不足型失眠的临床研究

目的观察酸枣仁汤治疗原发性肝癌患者肝血不足型失眠的临床疗效及其对神经-内分泌-免疫网络的调节作用。方法将70例原发性肝癌伴肝血不足型失眠患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组35例。两组均以常规中西医结合治疗原发性肝癌为基础,治疗组给予酸枣仁汤颗粒剂,对照组给予安慰剂,连续28 d。比较匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表评分、中医证候评分、血红蛋白(Hb)、血小板(PLT)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、褪黑素(MT)、白介素-2受体(IL-2R)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化情况。结果 (1)治疗组总有效率88.2%,对照组总有效率27.3%,治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2)治疗组治疗后PSQI总分及各成分评分、中医证候评分较对照组及治疗前显著降低(P0.05),各评分治疗前后差值大于对照组(P0.05);(3)治疗组治疗后血清5-HT、MT含量较对照组及治疗前显著升高(P0.05),治疗组血清IL-2R、IL-8、TNF-α含量较对照组及治疗前显著降低(P0.05),以上指标治疗前后差值均大于对照组(P0.05),治疗组治疗后血清IL-6含量与对照组及治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗前后差值与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05);(4)治疗组治疗后Hb、PAB较对照组及治疗前显著升高(P0.05),治疗前后差值大于对照组(P0.05)。结论酸枣仁汤可有效改善原发性肝癌伴肝血不足型失眠患者的睡眠情况、营养水平以及肝血不足的症状,能提高患者血清5-HT、MT含量,降低血清IL-2R、IL-8、TNF-α含量,调节神经-内分泌-免疫网络,改善肝癌患者体内炎症环境,提示安神以扶正在恶性肿瘤虚证中具有辅助治疗作用。     

数据挖掘法探讨周珉教授治疗原发性肝癌用药规律及经验总结

[目的]数据挖掘法分析周珉教授治疗原发性肝癌的中医用药规律,探讨相关病机并进行经验总结。[方法]收集2016年2月—2018年5月周珉教授门诊期间治疗原发性肝癌的方剂,运用"中医传承辅助系统(V2.50)"进行数据挖掘,并结合周珉教授临床经验,进行原发性肝癌病机探讨及用药规律分析。[结果]共收集治疗原发性肝癌方剂176首,涉及中药235种,列出方剂中的高频药物及组合规律。[结论]总结原发性肝癌以"湿热痰毒、气阴两伤"为基础病机,"清热化湿、健脾养阴"治则贯穿原发性肝癌治疗始末,同时,根据疾病不同发展阶段及治疗措施,权衡"扶正"与"祛邪"的主次分配,斟酌应用"攻毒散结""行气化瘀"等治法,以达到改善患者生活质量、延缓疾病进展的目的。     

唐代医学教育制度及教材

唐代不仅从中央到地方设立了医学专门教育机构,而且存在丰富多样的医学师徒相授和寺观宗教医学传播活动。医学教育类型多样,实施分科教学,呈现出多科性与专业性并存的特征;重视教学测评,与科举考试相结合,确立国家办学管理的地位。唐代医学教材建设取得显著成就,对医学教育人才培养发挥重要作用,它与医学教育制度一道对当代医学教育有一定的启示。     

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and reproductive toxicity of aqueous extract of Thai Mucuna pruriens seeds

ObjectiveIn traditional medicine, the seeds of Thai Mucuna pruriens (T-MP) are used to treat male dysuria and are believed to enhance fertility. However, information pertaining to the toxicity of T-MP and its interaction with other properties is limited. This study was thus conducted to evaluate the antioxidant capacity and subacute toxicity of T-MP in the reproductive system.MethodsTotal phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of T-MP seed extract were determined using total phenolic content, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays. Male and female adult rats were treated orally with T-MP at a dosage of 150 or 300 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Sex hormones and functional parameters in the liver and kidney were evaluated. Histopathology of all tissue was conducted using Masson’s trichrome staining. Sperm parameters, including concentration, morphology, acrosome reaction status and DNA damage, were also examined. Expression of tyrosine phosphorylated protein (TyrPho), androgen receptor and A-kinase-anchoring protein 4 (AKAP4) were investigated using the Western blot technique.ResultsT-MP seed extract contained phenolic compounds and exhibited high antioxidant capacity with no toxicity at the tested doses. It did not affect liver or kidney function parameters in the male rats, but increased estradiol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in the females. Additionally, it decreased serum progesterone and alkaline phosphatase levels in female rats. Serum and intratesticular testosterone levels were significantly lower in male rats that received a high dosage of T-MP. Histopathological changes were not observed in any tissue treated with T-MP. T-MP also significantly increased sperm concentration (but did not affect sperm parameters), and enhanced testicular TyrPho protein and androgen receptor and expression of AKAP4 in sperms.ConclusionT-MP seed extract exhibited antioxidant capacity and was not harmful to reproductive tissues. It also had a phytoestrogenic effect on females and increased the expression of testicular and sperm markers of male fertility.     

Characteristics and risk factors of bortezomib induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review of phase III trials

Bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a common toxicity associated with the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), typically requiring dose reduction, delay, or cessation of treatment protocol. This systematic review aimed to investigate risk factors, trends, and variability associated with the development of BIPN. Searches were undertaken using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science. Additional studies were identified by investigating authors' bibliographic references cited by original and review articles. Articles that reported on neuropathy in phase III randomised control trials involving bortezomib in any treatment arm for the treatment of MM were included in this review. A total of 43 full text articles met criteria, which examined 23 phase III trials (N = 8218). Overall incidence of neuropathy ranged from 8.4% to 80.5% (median = 37.8%) and severe neuropathy (grade 3-4) ranged from 1% to 33.2% (median = 8%). Similar reports of neuropathy of any grade and severe neuropathy were observed between the newly diagnosed and relapsed cohort. Bortezomib regimens with reduced dose intensity were associated with reduced neuropathy incidence. Increased cumulative dosing levels, intravenous compared with subcutaneous administration and combination therapy with thalidomide were associated with higher rates of BIPN. This analysis revealed that BIPN is a significant toxicity. More sensitive measures are required to capture the incidence and severity of BIPN. Better understanding of risk factors and reversibility profiles will minimise the number of cancer survivors living with residual treatment side effects.     

基于5G技术的远程会诊系统应用

介绍5G网络技术特点，以江苏省中医院的互联网医院建设实践为例，阐述现有网络5G改造以及基于5G的远程会诊系统构建与应用，指出该系统能够提高远程教学及多学科联合诊疗的效率和准确性。     

Second Primary Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Head and Neck Cancer: A Population-Based Study of Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics and Survival Outcomes in 3597 Patients

IntroductionRetrospective studies have shown an increased risk of second primary lung cancer in patients with a history of head and neck cancer (HNC). No population-based study has examined the overall survival (OS) outcomes of patients with second primary non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after HNC comparison with patients with first primary NSCLC.Patients and MethodsIndividuals with histologically confirmed NSCLC diagnosed after nonmetastatic squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNC-NSCLC; n = 3597) were identified in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 registries (1988-2013). OS and baseline characteristics were compared in patients with first primary NSCLC (NSCLC-1; n = 365,551) in the same registries.ResultsSquamous NSCLC was more common in HNC-NSCLC (n = 745 [64.1%] localized, n = 833 [71.9%] regional, and n = 811 [63.5%] distant) than in the NSCLC-1 (n = 30,901 [38.3%] localized, n = 50,557 [48.2%] regional, and n = 53,720 [29.8%] distant; P < .001). The leading cause of death in HNC-NSCLC was NSCLC (n = 2183; 60.6%), and median OS after localized, regional, and distant NSCLC diagnosis was 2.50 years, 1.17 years, and 5 months, respectively. For NSCLC-1, median OS was 4.58 years, 1.58 years, and 6 months, respectively. These differences were significant (P < .001). In multivariable analysis, a history of HNC remained associated with worse OS for localized (hazard ratio [HR], 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-1.51; P < .001), regional (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.35; P < .001) and distant (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.18; P < .01) stage NSCLC.ConclusionA history of HNC adversely affects OS in patients who subsequently develop NSCLC. This OS decrement might have implications for NSCLC surveillance and NSCLC therapy selection in this population.     

A Novel Algorithm to Differentiate Between Multiple Primary Lung Cancers and Intrapulmonary Metastasis in Multiple Lung Cancers With Multiple Pulmonary Sites of Involvement

IntroductionDifferentiating between multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) is critical for developing a therapeutic strategy to treat multiple lung cancers with multiple pulmonary sites of involvement.MethodsWe retrospectively included 252 lesions (126 pairs) from 126 patients with surgically resected multiple lung adenocarcinomas. Each pair was classified as MPLC or IPM based on histopathologic findings as the reference standard. A novel algorithm was established with four sequential decision steps based on the combination of computed tomography (CT) lesion types (step 1), CT lesion morphology (step 2), difference of maximal standardized uptake values on positron-emission tomography/CT (step 3), and presence of N2/3 lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis (step 4). The diagnostic accuracy of the algorithm was analyzed. Performances of 11 observers were assessed without and with knowledge of algorithm.ResultsAmong 126 pairs, 90 (71.4%) were classified as MPLCs and 36 (28.6%) as IPMs. On applying the diagnostic algorithm, the overall accuracy for diagnosis of IPM among conclusive cases up to step 4 was 88.9%, and 65 and 44 pairs were correctly diagnosed based on step 1 and step 2, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive value for diagnosis of IPM increased significantly in all observers compared with reading rounds without the algorithm.ConclusionsApplication of the algorithm based on comprehensive information on clinical and imaging variables can allow differentiation between MPLCs and IPMs. When both of two suspected malignant lesions appear as solid predominant lesions without spiculation or air-bronchogram on CT, IPM should be considered.